小柯机器人

美国阿拉巴马大学伯明翰分校Casey T. Weaver、Jeffrey R. Singer等研究人员合作发现，防止新生小鼠肠道菌群失调可预防早发型败血症（LOS）。2019年11月7日，《自然—医学》在线发表了这项成果。

使用LOS模型，研究人员发现发展中微生物组的成分对于预防LOS是必要和充分的。母体抗生素接触降低了鼠乳杆菌传播，从而加剧了该疾病；而反之则能够预防该疾病。预防性摄入某些乳酸菌（但不是所有都行）具有保护作用，这与大肠杆菌一样。肠道氧气水平是定居动态的主要驱动因素，尽管其机制不同于成年人。这些结果建立了新生儿功能障碍和LOS之间的联系，并为合理选择预防疾病的益生菌（通过调节微生物组成分）提供了基础。

据介绍，LOS被认为是由于早产儿肠道中共生微生物的系统性扩散而引起的。由于疗效有限，益生菌在临床上用于预防LOS的方法有所不同，这表明当前对肠道微生物组发育、新生儿营养不良和LOS之间关系的了解并不完全。

附：英文原文

Title: Preventing dysbiosis of the neonatal mouse intestinal microbiome protects against late-onset sepsis

Author: Jeffrey R. Singer, Emily G. Blosser, Carlene L. Zindl, Daniel J. Silberger, Sean Conlan, Vincent A. Laufer, Daniel DiToro, Clay Deming, Ranjit Kumar, Casey D. Morrow, Julia A. Segre, Michael J. Gray, David A. Randolph, Casey T. Weaver

Issue&Volume: 2019-11-07

Abstract: Late-onset sepsis (LOS) is thought to result from systemic spread of commensal microbes from the intestines of premature infants. Clinical use of probiotics for LOS prophylaxis has varied owing to limited efficacy, reflecting an incomplete understanding of relationships between development of the intestinal microbiome, neonatal dysbiosis and LOS. Using a model of LOS, we found that components of the developing microbiome were both necessary and sufficient to prevent LOS. Maternal antibiotic exposure that eradicated or enriched transmission of Lactobacillus murinus exacerbated and prevented disease, respectively. Prophylactic administration of some, but not all Lactobacillus spp. was protective, as was administration of Escherichia coli. Intestinal oxygen level was a major driver of colonization dynamics, albeit via mechanisms distinct from those in adults. These results establish a link between neonatal dysbiosis and LOS, and provide a basis for rational selection of probiotics that modulate primary succession of the microbiome to prevent disease. Disrupting the normal maturation of the infant gut microbiota induced late-onset sepsis in mice, which could be prevented by administering specific bacteria.

DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0640-y

Source:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-019-0640-y

Nature Medicine：《自然—医学》，创刊于1995年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：87.241
官方网址：https://www.nature.com/nm/
投稿链接：https://mts-nmed.nature.com/cgi-bin/main.plex