中科大科学家发现共生病毒维持肠道稳态
2019-10-22 16:14
中国科学技术大学基础医学院、中科院天然免疫与慢性疾病重点实验室和合肥微尺度物质科学国家研究中心周荣斌、江维、朱书教授课题组合作发现，肠道共生病毒通过非经典的RIG-I信号来维持肠道上皮内淋巴细胞。相关论文10月21日在线发表于《自然—免疫学》。
研究人员表明，共生病毒对于肠道上皮内淋巴细胞（IEL）的稳态至关重要。从机理上讲，抗原呈递细胞中的胞质病毒RNA感应受体RIG-I可以识别共生病毒，并通过不依赖于I型干扰素（但依赖MAVS-IRF1-IL-15信号轴）的方式维持IEL。通过白介素15给药恢复的IEL逆转了共生病毒减少的小鼠对葡聚糖硫酸钠引起的结肠炎的敏感性。总体而言，这些结果表明，共生病毒通过非经典的RIG-I信号维持IEL，并因此维持肠道稳态。
据悉，人们普遍关注共生细菌在健康和疾病中的作用，但共生病毒的作用尚未得到充分研究。尽管宏基因组学分析表明健康的人和动物的肠道中含有各种共生病毒，并且这些病毒的共生失调可能与炎症性疾病有关，但仍然缺乏因果关联性数据和潜在的机制来了解共生病毒在肠道中的生理作用稳态。
附：英文原文
Title:Commensal viruses maintain intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes via noncanonical RIG-I signaling
Author:Lei Liu, Tao Gong, Wanyin Tao, Bolong Lin, Cong Li, Xuesen Zheng, Shu Zhu, Wei Jiang & Rongbin Zhou
Issue&Volume:21 October 2019
Abstract:
Much attention has focused on commensal bacteria in health and disease, but the role of commensal viruses is understudied. Although metagenomic analysis shows that the intestine of healthy humans and animals harbors various commensal viruses and the dysbiosis of these viruses can be associated with inflammatory diseases, there is still a lack of causal data and underlying mechanisms to understand the physiological role of commensal viruses in intestinal homeostasis. In the present study, we show that commensal viruses are essential for the homeostasis of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs). Mechanistically, the cytosolic viral RNA-sensing receptor RIG-I in antigen-presenting cells can recognize commensal viruses and maintain IELs via a type I interferon–independent, but MAVS-IRF1-IL-15 axis-dependent, manner. The recovery of IELs by interleukin-15 administration reverses the susceptibility of commensal virus-depleted mice to dextran sulfate sodium–induced colitis. Collectively, our results indicate that commensal viruses maintain the IELs and consequently sustain intestinal homeostasis via noncanonical RIG-I signaling.
DOI:10.1038/s41590-019-0513-z
Nature Immunology：《自然—免疫学》，创刊于2000年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：31.25
官方网址：https://www.nature.com/ni/
投稿链接：https://mts-ni.nature.com/cgi-bin/main.plex
本期文章：《自然—免疫学》：Online/在线发表
