英国兰卡斯特大学Christina C. Hicks等研究人员提出了利用全球渔业应对微量营养素缺乏症的新观点。相关论文2019年9月25日在线发表在《自然》杂志上。
研究人员利用350多种海洋鱼类中7种营养素的浓度，估算了环境和生态特征如何预测海洋有鳍鱼类的营养成分。研究人员使用这种预测模型来量化海洋渔业中养分浓度的全球空间格局，并将养分产量与人群中微量营养素缺乏症的患病率进行比较。研究人员发现，来自热带区域的物种含有较高浓度的钙、铁和锌。较小的物种包含较高浓度的钙、铁和omega-3脂肪酸；并且来自寒冷区域或具有中上层进食途径的物种包含更高浓度的omega-3脂肪酸。
养分浓度与渔业总产量之间没有关系，这说明渔业的养分质量由物种组成决定。对于许多营养摄入不足的国家，海洋有鳍鱼类捕获的营养超过了生活在海岸100公里以内的人群的饮食要求，当前的产量对5岁以下的儿童特别有影响。研究人员的分析表明，以鱼为基础的粮食战略有可能为全球粮食和营养安全做出重大贡献。
据了解，微量营养素缺乏症每年造成约100万人过早死亡，而且对于某些国家而言，其国内生产总值最多可减少11％，这凸显出需要着重于改善营养而不是简单地增加粮食产量的粮食政策。尽管人们常常忽略了鱼类（鱼类是人体健康必不可少的生物可利用微量营养素的丰富来源），但人们仍通过多种饮食来获取营养素。对大多数鱼类营养成分缺少了解，以及缺乏对各渔业之间养分产量如何变化的认知，阻碍了有效改变渔业对粮食和营养安全的潜力所需的政策转变。
附：英文原文
Title: Harnessing global fisheries to tackle micronutrient deficiencies
Author: Christina C. Hicks, Philippa J. Cohen, Nicholas A. J. Graham, Kirsty L. Nash, Edward H. Allison, Coralie DLima, David J. Mills, Matthew Roscher, Shakuntala H. Thilsted, Andrew L. Thorne-Lyman, M. Aaron MacNeil
Issue&Volume: 2019-09-25
Abstract:
Micronutrient deficiencies account for an estimated one million premature deaths annually, and for some nations can reduce gross domestic product1,2 by up to 11%, highlighting the need for food policies that focus on improving nutrition rather than simply increasing the volume of food produced3. People gain nutrients from a varied diet, although fish—which are a rich source of bioavailable micronutrients that are essential to human health4—are often overlooked. A lack of understanding of the nutrient composition of most fish5 and how nutrient yields vary among fisheries has hindered the policy shifts that are needed to effectively harness the potential of fisheries for food and nutrition security6. Here, using the concentration of 7 nutrients in more than 350 species of marine fish, we estimate how environmental and ecological traits predict nutrient content of marine finfish species. We use this predictive model to quantify the global spatial patterns of the concentrations of nutrients in marine fisheries and compare nutrient yields to the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies in human populations. We find that species from tropical thermal regimes contain higher concentrations of calcium, iron and zinc; smaller species contain higher concentrations of calcium, iron and omega-3 fatty acids; and species from cold thermal regimes or those with a pelagic feeding pathway contain higher concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids. There is no relationship between nutrient concentrations and total fishery yield, highlighting that the nutrient quality of a fishery is determined by the species composition. For a number of countries in which nutrient intakes are inadequate, nutrients available in marine finfish catches exceed the dietary requirements for populations that live within 100 km of the coast, and a fraction of current landings could be particularly impactful for children under 5 years of age. Our analyses suggest that fish-based food strategies have the potential to substantially contribute to global food and nutrition security.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1592-6
Source:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1592-6
Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504
官方网址：http://www.nature.com/
投稿链接：http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html
本期文章：《自然》：Online/在线发表
