牛粪堆肥与化肥配施对中国东部小麦-玉米轮作系统有机质、容重和蚯蚓活动的影响

土壤与耕作学研究, 156 (2): 140–147. (影响因子：4.675)

郭立月^ab1 吴光磊^a1 李勇^c 李彩虹^a 刘文静^d 孟杰^a 刘海涛^a 虞晓凡^ab 蒋高明*^a

（*通讯作者）

中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室、中国环境科学院

摘要  将牛粪堆肥（CMC）与化肥（CF）配施于我国东部小麦-玉米轮作田，对土壤理化性质、生物活性和土地生产力进行了评价。对表层土壤（0-20cm）有机质、碳储量和固碳量、容重、含水量、全氮含量和蚯蚓种群等指标进行了分析。该研究（2009-2014年）是在相同的氮、磷、钾总量（375.0 kg N ha-1 yr-1、92.4 kg P2O5 ha-1 yr-1和316.3 kg K2O ha-1 yr-1）的基础上进行的。六个处理设计为：（1）对照，不施肥；（2）NPK，100%CF；（3）NPKM1，25%CMC+ 75%CF；（4）NPKM2，50%CMC+50%CF；（5）NPKM3，75%CMC+25%CF；（6）CM，100%CMC。结果表明，表层土壤有机质、含水量、全氮和蚯蚓密度与CMC显著正相关（P<0.01），土壤容重与CMC显著负相关。与对照相比，小麦-玉米轮作系统的NPK、NPKM1、NPKM2、NPKM3和CM年平均产量显著提高（P≤0.05），其中NPKM1产量最高。单施CF不仅降低了蚯蚓的SOM、水分和全氮含量，而且对蚯蚓活动产生了负面影响，而CMC则减轻了这种负面影响。该发现可能有助于在环境友好前提下，增加粮食供应，改善土壤条件与有机肥堆肥的应用。

关键词：牛粪堆肥、化肥、土壤有机质、土壤容重、土壤含水量、蚯蚓活性

Effects of cattle manure compost combined with chemical fertilizer on topsoil organic matter, bulk density and earthworm activity in a wheat-maize rotation system in Eastern China

LiyueGuo^ab1 GuangleiWu^a1 YongLi^c CaihongLi^a WenjingLiu^d Jie Meng^a HaitaoLiu^a XiaofanYu^ab Gaoming Jiang^a

Soil & tillage research, 156 (2): 140–147. (IF=4.675)

Abstract  Cattle manure compost (CMC) combined with chemical fertilizer (CF) was applied to a wheat–maize rotation field, in Eastern China, to assess soil physical and chemical properties, biological activity and land productivity. Indicators of organic matter, carbon storage and sequestration, bulk density, water content, total N content and earthworm population from topsoil (0–20 cm) were quantified. This consecutive study (2009–2014) was carried out on the base of the same total N, P, K application rate (375.0 kg N ha−1 yr−1, 92.4 kg P2O5 ha−1 yr−1 and 316.3 kg K2O ha−1 yr−1) in each treatment that was fertilized. Six treatments were designed as: (1) CK, without any fertilizer; (2) NPK, 100% CF; (3) NPKM1, 25% CMC combined with 75% CF; (4) NPKM2, 50% CMC combined with 50% CF; (5) NPKM3, 75% CMC combined with 25% CF; and (6) CM, 100% CMC. The results demonstrated that organic matter, water content, total N content and earthworm density from topsoil were significantly and positively (P ≤ 0.01) related to CMC input, with significantly negative correlation being observed between soil bulk density and CMC input. The average annual yield of the wheat–maize rotation system significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) in NPK, NPKM1, NPKM2, NPKM3, and CM compared with CK, with the highest yield being obtained from NPKM1. Applying merely CF not only led to the lower SOM, water content and total N content, but also resulted in negative effects on earthworm activity, while CMC alleviated such negative effects. Our finding may help to increase food supply by improving soil conditions with organic fertilizer compost application.

Keywords: Cattle manure compost, Chemical fertilizer, Soil organic matter, Soil bulk density, Soil water content, Earthworm activity