Ru-modified monolayer-dispersed WOx/CeO2 hybrid composites were prepared by co-impregnation (CI) and step impregnation (SI) methods, and the effects of active site distribution on the catalytic oxidation of 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) were investigated. Ru species tends to be deposited on the monolayer-dispersed WOx (m-WOx) by SI method, which can increase the oxygen vacancies (OV,m-WOx) at m-WOx/CeO2 interfaces. Abundant OV,m-WOx can promote the formation of more active W–OH and accelerate the dechloridation and oxydehydrogenation of DCE. Oppositely, for CI method, Ru species exists mainly in the form of Ru−O−Ce bonds, increasing the oxygen vacancies (OV,RuCe) into CeO2 surface lattices and promoting the deep oxidation of intermediate products. The closer contact between the two hetero-interfacial oxygen vacancies (OV,RuCe and OV,m-WOx) on Ru-modified m-WOx/CeO2 produces a stronger synergistic effect on DCE activation and oxidation, and meanwhile advantageously inhibits the adsorption of chlorine species as well as the formation of polychlorinated by-products.
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