生物系统和人工生物系统的结构理论 - 图论、网络拓扑学模型与整合、稳态和建构规律（1993年BJ.Zeng），构成系统与合成生物学（词汇在1994年和1999年引用的相关文献里）的理论基础。

"Constructive（建构） biology?"

Think of the cell as operating system, and engineers taking the place of traditional biologists in retooling stripped down components of cells (bio-bricks) in much the vein as in the late 70s when electrical engineers were working their way to the first personal computer by assembling circuit boards, hard drives, monitors, etc. It's not an accident that the phrase "bio-hackers" is in the conversation, as this new crowd has a lot in common with the computer engineers who were around the homebrew computer club of the '70s leading the development of the personal computer.

- http://edge.org/conversation/constructive-biology -

（系统遗传学、系统医药学和系统生物工程术语BJ.Zeng于1992年和1994年coined）

系统遗传学参见 - 荷兰（http://www.systemsgenetics.nl/），美国能源部（http://web.ornl.gov/sci/ees/bsd/groups/mg.shtml）和相关大学（http://compgen.unc.edu/wp/）、研究所（http://www.med.nyu.edu/research/systemsgenetics），挪威整合(Integrative）遗传学研究中心（http://cigene.no/）等。