地质气象景观与城乡规划生态安全健康对策

陆 玲

摘 要 城市基础建设依托地表，而地质气象景观忠实地记忆了其形成过程所涉物质的物理和化学变化特点，呈现了成岩效应以及继发性地质气象活动的痕迹。从相对宏观的角度看，地球地质和地貌的基本特征依然保持了自然形成的原始状态，其中包含了极其丰富的有关地质构造以及相关物质运动特点等信息，例如：岩土地质年代分层、环形山系构造、继发性地质气象活动的痕迹和现象，等等。这是城市规划中采用生态安全健康对策需要特别给予关注的。

人类社会生态文明的基础建设是安全与健康系统的建设，城市整体功能的有效发挥建立在人居环境地质安全与健康的基础上。因而，城市居民聚居地的选址需要规避存在可能导致严重地质灾害的地质活动性构造分布区域，并尽量避免岩层中的有害物质，以各种形式持续地对人体安全和健康造成不利的影响。在正确选址的前提下，对城市有机体功能系统实施动态的、持续有效的监测、调整，使城市生态功能不断完善，进而提高城市可持续发展建设的能力。

本文基于地壳形成的普遍过程——与太阳系类地天体普遍的地质过程相一致的陨击冲击成岩和陨击冲击成坑过程所导致地质构造形成的规律，借助比例适宜的卫星地图或遥感地图，结合历史案例，指出城市需要规避的活动性地质构造功能区的地貌形态特征：包括对显性和隐性地质活动性裂带、天坑分布区，容易导致地震、滑坡和地陷、地裂带排气爆发和滞留等地貌特点和相关气象活动特点，容易引发这些地质灾害的相关季节等。

城市空间是人类在地表较高密度居住和活动的地区。乡村是城市的母体。乡村与城市作为人类生态系统的功能是相似的。有关城市规划生态安全健康对策的方法也适用于乡村。

以上所述企图为在城乡选址、生态功能区布局时防范重大地质灾害隐患等生态安全健康对策建立起基本的时空坐标、提供较为便捷有效的方法。

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参考文献 （略）

本文所列举案例、图片等资料除了备注说明外，均来自互联网共享资源，特此对有关资料的拥有者及网络共享表示衷心感谢。

作者简介  陆玲  广州市万归一科技发展有限公司执董；作者长期从事跨学科科研科普活动，曾依托广东省生态学会、深圳市生态学会、广东省老科学技术工作者协会的支持，策划和主持实施了“幼儿园生态素质教育””广州气象地质灾害与生态安全对策展览”等多个市级科研、科普项目。

GeologicalMeteorology Landscape and Ecological Safety and Health Measures in Urban &Rural Planning

                                        Lu Ling

Abstract: Urban infrastructureis based on the surface, while the geo-meteorological landscape faithfullyrecords the physical and chemical changes of the substances involved in itsformation process, presenting diagenetic effects and traces of secondarygeological and meteorological activities. From a relatively macroscopic pointof view, the basic features of earth's geology and geomorphology still maintainthe original state of natural formation, which contains extremely richinformation on the geological structure and the movement characteristics ofrelated substances. For example, geologic age stratification, structure of ringmountains, traces and phenomena of secondary geological and meteorologicalactivities, and so on. Special attention should be given to the said pointswhen adopting ecological safety and health measures in urban planning.

The basicconstruction of ecological civilization in human society is the construction ofa safety and health system. The effective functioning of the overall urbanfunctions is based on the geological safety and health of the livingenvironment. Therefore, the location of urban settlements needs to avoid thegeologically active tectonic distribution areas that may cause seriousgeological disasters, and avoid the harmful substances in the rock formations,as well as various factors that may continuously affect human safety andhealth. In addition to the correct site selection, we should also conductdynamical and continuous monitoring and adjustment on functional system ofurban organisms, so that its ecological functions can continuously improve,thus enhancing the urban sustainability.

This paper is basedon the universal process of crustal formation - the law of the formation ofgeological structure caused by meteorite impact diagenesis and meteorite impactpit-forming process that are consistent with the universal geological processof celestial bodies in the solar system. By means of satellite maps or remotesensing maps with appropriate proportion, combining with the historical cases,this paper points out the topographic features of the active geotectonicfunctional areas that need to be avoided by the cities, including the dominantand hidden geological active fractures, natural crater distribution areas,areas that may easily lead to earthquakes, landslides and subsidence; areasthat have the geomorphic features of gas outburst and detention and relatedmeteorological activities, and the related seasons that may cause thesegeological disasters.

Urban space is thearea with higher density where humans live and move. Rural area is the city'smother. The functions in rural areas and cities are similar as human ecosystems.The measures related to urban planning for ecological health and safety arealso applicable to rural areas.

The above-mentionedpoints attempt to establish basic time-space coordinates for ecological safetyand health measures against potential major geological disasters during thesite selection of urban and rural areas and the layout of ecological functionzones, thereby providing a more convenient and effective method.

The cases, pictures and other materials provided in this paper are fromthe Internet (except for the notes). We hereby express our sincere gratitude tothe owners of the information.

Reference (omitted)

The cases, pictures and other materials provided in this paper are fromthe Internet (except for the notes). We hereby express our sincere gratitude tothe owners of the information.

Author: Lu Ling,Executive Director of Guangzhou Wanguiyi Technology Development Co., Ltd.

The author has long been engaged in interdisciplinary scientificresearch activities, she has planned and organized a couple of scientificresearch and popular science projects such as Kindergarten Ecological QualityEducation, Guangzhou Meteorological Geological Disaster and Ecology SecurityMeasures Exhibition, etc. with the support from Guangdong Ecological Society,Shenzhen Ecological Society and Guangdong Association of Veteran Scientists.

(翻译：曾先生）