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信息分析（文献主题分析）受控语言与自然语言相结合
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信息分析工作中经常需要对文献内容进行计量分析，也就是主题分析，最好采用受控语言与自然语言相结合的方法。
采用主题词或关键词（或文本词）单一语言对文献进行内容分析都有局限性，因为主题词的选定、主题词的数量、标引深度、标引规则都是人为制定的。无论人工标引还是计算机自动标引，都会有误标引和漏标引的问题，这对文献的主题计量分析结果的准确性是有影响的。关键词因为不规范，存在大量同义词、近义词、简称词、缩写词、不同拼写词等，有些关键词还会有概念歧义问题，因此对文献计量分析结果的全面、准确也有影响。
1、 采用主题词（MESH）分析的信息平台
医学文献数据分析(PUBMED/MEDLINE数据 http://www.gopubmed.org/web/gopubmed/1?WEB0fyuvjqgch8orIeIpI0）
2、 采用关键词分析的信息平台
科学引文数据分析（Science Citation Index Expanded SCIE http://apps.webofknowledge.com/select_databases.do?highlighted_tab=select_databases&product=UA&SID=Y16n1EekhOOBCD8glHO&last_prod=DIIDW&cacheurl=no ）；
德温特专利数据分析（Derwent World Patent Index http://apps.webofknowledge.com/summary.do?SID=Y16n1EekhOOBCD8glHO&product=DIIDW&page=2&qid=1&search_mode=GeneralSearch）
微软学术搜索数据分析（http://academic.research.microsoft.com/PublicationList?query=targeted proteomics&desType=8&desID=11039&SearchDomain=4）
3、 采用主题词与关键词结合的信息平台
采用主题词、关键词分析的实例：
美国PUBMED医学数据库22,454,842 篇文献的受控语言（主题词MESH）分布如下：
Patients [4.219 M]
Adult [5.495 M]
Middle Aged [3.019 M]
Aged [2.161 M]
Evaluation Studies as Topic [2.647 M]
Animals [16.478 M]
Child [1.704 M]
Adolescent [1.514 M]
Rats [1.374 M]
Genes [1.647 M]
Mice [1.213 M]
Proteins [6.053 M]
Methods [0.936 M]
Time Factors [0.935 M]
Pharmaceutical Preparations [1.634 M]
DNA [1.080 M]
Hospitals [0.814 M]
United States [1.245 M]
Hospitalization [0.795 M]
Pregnancy [0.816 M]
Women [0.729 M]
Neoplasms [2.855 M]
antigen binding [0.717 M]
Child, Preschool [0.715 M]
Serum [0.789 M]
Infant [1.050 M]
Surgery [0.704 M]
Syndrome [0.678 M]
Tissues [4.034 M]
Risk Factors [0.661 M]
membrane [0.929 M]
Arteries [0.823 M]
Membranes [1.004 M]
Antibodies [1.023 M]
Incidence [0.606 M]
Nature [0.606 M]
Infant, Newborn [0.594 M]
Pressure [0.632 M]
Treatment Outcome [0.609 M]
Kinetics [0.573 M]
Mutation [0.795 M]
Cell Line [0.781 M]
Viruses [0.923 M]
Muscles [0.823 M]
Lung [0.535 M]
Immunization [0.622 M]
Diagnosis [7.440 M]
Recurrence [477,165]
Electrons [472,898]
Sensitivity and Specificity [0.571 M]
Follow-Up Studies [460,997]
Prevalence [455,159]
Temperature [482,554]
Carcinoma [0.717 M]
RNA, Messenger [0.502 M]
Cells, Cultured [1.340 M]
Electronics [0.621 M]
Personal Autonomy [421,477]
Kidney [466,162]
Neurons [0.653 M]
Oxides [1.001 M]
metabolic process [2.554 M]
Enzymes [2.993 M]
Wounds and Injuries [1.083 M]
Oxygen [392,286]
Calcium [378,588]
Hepatitis [384,202]
pathogenesis [364,891]
Antigens [1.192 M]
Hypertension [359,726]
Rabbits [310,550]
signal transduction [485,473]
Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate [308,080]
gene expression [466,836]
Chronic Disease [304,487]
Escherichia coli [301,568]
Dogs [285,401]
Postoperative Complications [418,333]
Cattle [282,257]
cytolysis [280,910]
cell death [0.719 M]
Hemorrhage [384,651]
Nonoxynol [257,332]
regulation of gene expression [438,318]
catabolic process [0.534 M]
gut development [243,410]
blood circulation [410,923]
Depression [232,632]
Parents [255,311]
Rats, Sprague-Dawley [229,263]
plasma membrane [398,797]
extracellular region [0.578 M]
receptor binding [0.988 M]
Great Britain [330,086]
site-specific telomere resolvase activity [183,231]
intracellular [1.657 M]
chromosome [366,463]
Vitamins [156,285]
Collagen [160,552]
微软学术搜索中医学文献的关键词（自然语言）分布如下：
总共有关键词37,730 个
Top keywords in Medicine
学科分类
Anatomy1
Andrology2
Cardiology3
Dentistry4
Dermatology5
Diabetes6
Diseases7
Emergency & Critical Care8
Endocrinology9
Family Medicine10
Gynecology & Obstetrics11
Immunology12
Medical Education & Training13
Neuroscience14
Nursing15
Nutrition16
Oncology17
Ophthalmology18
Pathology19
Pharmacology20
Physiology21
Psychiatry & Psychology22
Urology23
Overall for Medicine0
| 按文献被引量排序 | 关键词 | 文献量 | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
1 |
Genetics | 110748 |
文献被引量
1591978 |
|
2 |
Risk Factors | 113600 | 1489525 |
|
3 |
Enzyme | 87346 | 1138880 |
|
4 |
Cell Line | 74944 | 1033424 |
|
5 |
Gene Expression | 59419 | 960749 |
|
6 |
Breast Cancer | 77534 | 891335 |
|
7 |
Confidence Interval | 45087 | 821640 |
|
8 |
Central Nervous System | 46158 | 753974 |
|
9 |
Indexation | 69426 | 701420 |
|
10 |
Dopamine | 40403 | 699249 |
|
11 |
Immune Response | 42449 | 675040 |
|
12 |
Clinical Trial | 56987 | 658594 |
|
13 |
Control Group | 66147 | 655947 |
|
14 |
United States | 46445 | 652237 |
|
15 |
Polymorphism | 53968 | 652002 |
|
16 |
Statistical Significance | 62130 | 647581 |
|
17 |
Prospective Study | 43765 | 635380 |
|
18 |
Endothelial Cell | 37291 | 629286 |
|
19 |
Monoclonal Antibody | 46069 | 628603 |
|
20 |
B Cell | 38263 | 609460 |
|
21 |
Amino Acid | 41029 | 607522 |
|
22 |
Animal Model | 42739 | 604426 |
|
23 |
Blood Pressure | 58079 | 594620 |
|
24 |
Growth Factor | 31719 | 590405 |
|
25 |
High Risk | 51012 | 588852 |
|
26 |
Magnetic Resonance Image | 52139 | 582106 |
|
27 |
Myocardial Infarct | 41631 | 570068 |
|
28 |
Nitric Oxide | 35724 | 564410 |
|
29 |
Tumor Cells | 39037 | 560334 |
|
30 |
Cell Death | 27183 | 542359 |
|
31 |
Quality of Life | 53459 | 540540 |
|
32 |
Transcription Factor | 25560 | 540463 |
|
33 |
meta analysis | 24477 | 528970 |
|
34 |
Cardiovascular Disease | 36029 | 516003 |
|
35 |
Wild Type | 29918 | 514508 |
|
36 |
Oxidant Stress | 34727 | 509287 |
|
37 |
Spinal Cord | 37125 | 506676 |
|
38 |
Prostate Cancer | 44722 | 503617 |
|
39 |
Spectrum | 42017 | 502671 |
|
40 |
Kinetics | 44325 | 486844 |
|
41 |
Immunohistochemistry | 40128 | 485905 |
|
42 |
Side Effect | 44706 | 471689 |
|
43 |
Rat Brain | 27702 | 468513 |
|
44 |
Glutamate | 22845 | 459523 |
|
45 |
Odd Ratio | 27465 | 448244 |
|
46 |
Bone Marrow | 34457 | 444413 |
|
47 |
Cell Proliferation | 29089 | 441908 |
|
48 |
Dendritic Cell | 20085 | 441733 |
|
49 |
Serotonin | 29600 | 434088 |
|
50 |
Body Weight | 37072 | 432794 |
|
51 |
Ultrasound | 55015 | 424048 |
|
52 |
Heart Failure | 38410 | 423566 |
|
53 |
Degeneration | 28746 | 423533 |
|
54 |
Tumor Necrosis Factor | 22696 | 421151 |
|
55 |
Epithelial Cell | 29270 | 415833 |
|
56 |
Astrocyte | 19258 | 390919 |
|
57 |
T Lymphocyte | 22776 | 388370 |
|
58 |
Cell Surface | 20329 | 387219 |
|
59 |
Signaling Pathway | 22376 | 380243 |
|
60 |
Stem Cell | 24257 | 379959 |
|
61 |
Rheumatoid Arthritis | 33154 | 372778 |
|
62 |
Molecular Mechanics | 19733 | 367851 |
|
63 |
Nervous System | 19688 | 357072 |
|
64 |
Control Subjects | 20409 | 353928 |
|
65 |
Randomized Controlled Trial | 23276 | 352136 |
|
66 |
Human Immunodeficiency Virus | 22456 | 351993 |
|
67 |
Low Dose | 32190 | 350044 |
|
68 |
Cohort Study | 25596 | 349510 |
|
69 |
High Dose | 31146 | 349150 |
|
70 |
Randomized Trial | 20062 | 346909 |
|
71 |
Human Brain | 13910 | 345454 |
|
72 |
Coronary Artery Disease | 28685 | 345011 |
|
73 |
Blood Flow | 33746 | 342178 |
|
74 |
diabetes mellitus | 32812 | 339977 |
|
75 |
Insulin Resistant | 21472 | 339827 |
|
76 |
Lymph Node | 28570 | 339654 |
|
77 |
Computed Tomography | 43005 | 339390 |
|
78 |
Prostaglandin | 32526 | 335549 |
|
79 |
Glycoprotein | 23439 | 335210 |
|
80 |
Immune System | 18508 | 333687 |
|
81 |
Cross Section | 27502 | 333429 |
|
82 |
Immunoglobulin | 24876 | 333321 |
|
83 |
Clinical Outcome | 27734 | 332116 |
|
84 |
Western Blot | 30583 | 330110 |
|
85 |
Systematic Review | 22532 | 327609 |
|
86 |
Polymerase Chain Reaction | 23876 | 327383 |
|
87 |
Mrna Expression | 24670 | 322877 |
|
88 |
Body Mass Index | 22067 | 321171 |
|
89 |
Multiple Sclerosis | 25562 | 320685 |
|
90 |
Skeletal Muscle | 26748 | 319039 |
|
91 |
Binding Site | 21867 | 318089 |
|
92 |
Prefrontal Cortex | 10579 | 316790 |
|
93 |
Heart Rate | 33745 | 315596 |
|
94 |
type 2 diabetes | 24877 | 315320 |
|
95 |
Cerebral Cortex | 16292 | 314797 |
|
96 |
Case Report | 101551 | 313769 |
|
97 |
Colorectal Cancer | 25838 | 313768 |
|
98 |
Positron Emission Tomography | 16745 | 313655 |
|
99 |
Transgenic Mice | 15058 | 312614 |
|
100 |
Time Course | 20333 | 312142 |
数据来源：
https://wap.sciencenet.cn/blog-280034-650971.html
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