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诺奖文集 2013年诺贝尔医学奖苏德霍夫德国生物化学家

已有 932 次阅读 2022-9-16 06:04 |个人分类:诺贝尔奖|系统分类:论文交流

Thomas Sudkhov was born in Gottingen, Germany in 1955. He studied at George Auguste University. In 1982, he received his Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree there and his Doctor of Neurochemistry degree in the same year. In 1983, he went to the Southwest Medical Center of the University of Texas in Dallas, the United States, to work as a postdoctoral researcher, working with Mike Brown and Joseph Goldstein (winners of the 1985 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine). Later, in 1991, Judehoff became a researcher at Howard Hughes Institute. Since 2008, he has served as a professor of molecular and cellular physiology at Stanford University. In 2013, he and Richard Scheler won the Lasker Prize for Basic Medicine. In May 2013, he was employed as a part-time professor of Central South University for Nationalities. [1]

Every cell in the human body is like a factory producing molecules. For example, islet B cells constantly produce insulin, and nerve cells constantly produce neurotransmitter. These molecules need to be transported out of cells and sent to different places. The things that package them are called "vesicles". The three scientists who won the Nobel Prize in 2013 discovered the principle of these transportation behaviors: how cell goods are sent to the exact destination in the exact time.

Judhoff put this transport activity on a specific part of the body to study: the brain. He wants to know how signals in the brain are transmitted from one nerve cell to another, and how calcium ions regulate this process. He discovered how brain cells sense calcium and convert this signal into the form of molecules in vesicles. The mysterious and subtle transmission principle of brain signals can be clearly explained. [2]

托马斯·苏德霍夫于1955年出生在德国的哥廷根。曾就读于乔治-奥古斯特大学。并于1982年，在那里获得了医学博士学位（MD），并于同年获得神经化学博士学位。1983年，他前往美国达拉斯的德克萨斯大学西南医学中心担任博士后研究工作，与迈克·布朗和约瑟夫·戈德斯坦（1985年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主）共事，之后，到了1991年，聚德霍夫成为霍华德·休斯研究所的一名研究员，从2008年起，他开始担任斯坦福大学分子和细胞生理学教授。2013年，他和理查德·舍勒一起获得了拉斯克基础医学奖。2013年5月，获聘中南民族大学兼职教授。 [1]

人类身体中每一个细胞都像是个生产分子的工厂，比如胰岛B细胞不断生产胰岛素，神经细胞不停地生产神经传导素。这些分子需要被运送出细胞、送往不同的地方，包装它们的东西被称作“囊泡”。获得2013年诺贝尔奖的这三位科学家就发现了这些运输行为的原理：细胞货物是如何在准确的时间内被送往准确的目的地。

聚德霍夫把这种运输活动放在特定的身体部位去研究：大脑。他想知道大脑中的信号是如何从一个神经细胞传输到另外一个去，以及钙离子是如何调控这一过程。他发现了脑细胞是怎样感知到钙离子，并将此信号转换成囊泡中分子的形式。大脑信号如此这般神奇微妙的传递原理从而得到明确的解释。 [2]

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