1994

The   Alarm Bells Ringing Gazette,   a well-known safety-related publication in China at that time, began   to edit and publish ‘Safety Culture’ column   since January 1994 (Liu, 2010).

In January 1994, the   Nuclear Emergency Office of the State Council of PRC held the Symposium on Safety Culture in Nuclear Industry, which is the   first high-level discussion on safety culture organized   by the Chinese government. After the conference,   the ‘Proceedings of Safety Culture’ was edited and   published, which played a fundamental role in the safety   culture development in China (Mao and Wang, 2013).

In   June 1994, Li Boyong, minister of the Ministry of PRC published an important   article named ‘Increasing Work Safety Propaganda and Considering the Work   Safety Works in A Safety Culture Level’ at the   first issue of Work Safety Gazette (now known as China Work Safety Gazette) (Wang and Wu, 2017a).

In   December 1994, the editorial boards of China   Safety Science Journal and Alarm Bells Ringing Gazette (1994) edited and published   a book named ‘The Developmentof Safety Culture in China: Study and Exploration’,   which is China’s first monograph on safety culture and symbolizes the   beginning of the study of safety culture in China. In addition, Boyong Li,   minister of the Ministry of PRC wrote   a preface to this book in June 1994, and Peiyao Li, vice   chairman of National People’s Congress wrote an   inscription for this book in December 1994.

The   Beijing People’s Broadcasting Station and the Beijing TV Station began to show the special program about safety culture in   some columns such as ‘Environment and Disaster Reduction’ and ‘Environment and   Disaster Reduction’ to the audiences (Liu, 2010).

1995

On   January 14^th, 1995, vice premier Jiahua Zou stressed the improvement   of safety culture and the enhancement of the whole   people’s safety consciousness at the National Work Safety Telephone Meeting (Wang and Wu, 2017a).

In   March 1995, Zigong Hard Alloy Plant   in China’s Sichuan province took the lead in China to develop enterprise safety   culture, it established the Safety Culture Promotion   Committee and promulgated the Five-year Plan for Developing Enterprise Safety   Culture based on its characteristic of work safety (Mao   and Wang, 2013). This practice was also a reference for other Chinese enterprises   in developing enterprise safety culture in later years.

In   April 1995, four organizations such as the China   Association for Science and Technology of Labor Protection, and the Alarm Bells   Ringing Gazette jointly sponsored the First National Symposium on Safety   Culture in Beijing (Wang and Wu, 2017a). More   than 120 experts and scholars from the government departments, the large enterprises, the academic associations, the   institutions of higher education and other research institutions attended   this meeting. And the ‘Proposal on the Developing Strategies   for China’s Safety Culture’   readied to be presented to the   State Council of PRC was adopted at this symposium. In addition, on May 16^th,   1995, Science and Technology Daily published the ‘Proposal on the Developing Strategies   for China’s Safety Culture’in full,   which expanded the social influence of safety culture further (Mao and Wang, 2013).

In   May 1995, the ‘Advocating Safety Culture and Raising the Whole People’s Safety   Consciousness’ as listed as one of the three themes of   the Fifth National Work Safety Week.

In   July 1995, vice premier Bangguo Wu   stressed that the party committees and governments   at all levels should advocate safety culture by strengthening the safety publicity   and education at the National Work Safety Telephone Meeting.

In   August 1995, the ‘Proceedings of the First National   Symposium on Safety Culture’ was published, which collected forty-six   papers on safety culture (Mao and Wang, 2013).

On November 8^th,   1995, the   Ministry of Labour of PRC (1995) promulgated and   implemented the ‘Provisions on the   Occupational Safety and Health Education for Enterprise Employees’,   its Article 2 pointed out that enterprise should develop and advocate a   positive safety culture, and its Article 6,   Article 12, Article 13 and Article 15 all also mentioned safety culture.

In   December 1995, Guang-Mei-Shan Railway Limited Company Co., Ltd. held the ‘Symposium   on Work Safety’,   the safety culture theories and the development of safety culture in railway were dicussed at this conference (Mao and Wang, 2013).

In   1995, the China   Meteorological Press (1995) the   ‘Guidance for China’s Enterprise Safety Culture Activities’.

1996

In   March 1996, the last week Monday in   March was identified as ‘National Safety Education Day for Elementary and   Middle School Students’ by the Chinese government, which was helpful   for developing safety culture in elementary   and middle schools.

In   April 1996, the first week in April was identified as ‘Traffic Safety Propaganda   Week’ by the Ministry of Public Security of PRC, which was helpful for improving   traffic safety culture.

In   May 1996, the Ministry of Labour of PRC   held the ‘Symposium on China’s Occupational   Safety and Health towards the 21^st Century’,   safety culture was one of the main topics of this conference.

1997

On   January 31^th, 1997, the Ministry of   Labour of PRC (1997) promulgated and implemented the ‘Ninth Five-Year Development   Plan for Labor Science and Safety Science and Technology & the Long-term   Targets through the Year 2010’, which pointed out that China must develop the   research and practice of safety culture vigorously.

On   May 20^th and 21^th, 1997, the ‘International Symposium   on Safety Culture’ organized by the ILO and the Ministry of Labour of PRC was   held in Baiyin, GanSu, China, the participants made an extensive   academic exchange and discussion on the   international safety culture theories, and the study and practice of safety   culture of China.

On   June 6^th, 1997, the experts from the Preparatory Committee for   China Safety Culture Research Association put forward the ‘Suggestions on   Drafting the Outline of Safety Culture in China’, which was reported in Journal   of Scientific American (Chinese version) (Wang   and Wu, 2017a).

In   1997, Caihong Group Corrorpation started to develop its safety culture with   the topic of “To be a safe employee in Caihong”, and its leaders organized   the symposium on safety culture (Mao and Wang, 2013).

2005

On   February 28^th, 2005, the   director general of the SAWS, Li (2005) first proposed the   five keys to work safety including safety   culture, safetyl aw, safety responsibility, safety science and technology,   and safety investment, and made clear that safety culture is the first key among   these five keys.

In   2005, the Chinese government formally put forward the   concept of safe development (Wang and Wu, 2017a),   which obviously is an important idea of safety culture. Since then, China adapted the concept of safe development to foster a   good safety culture.

2006

On August   25^th, 2006, the General   Office of the State Council of PRC formulated the Eleventh-Five-Year   Plan for Work Safety (Central People’s   Government of PRC, 2006). The both guiding   ideology and main tasks of this plan   mentioned that a good safety culture should be   developed and advocated in China, and the development of safety   culture was listed as one of   the main projects in this   plan.

In November   2006, the   SAWS (2006a)   formulated the   Eleventh-Five-Year Plan for the Development of Safety Culture, which is the first national plan for developing safety culture formulated by the Chinese government.   And this plan as a milestone that had significant importance for the   development of safety culture in China.

2007

The   two work safety standards including the ‘Standards of Directives for   Developing Enterprise Safety Culture’ and ‘Assessment Standards of Enterprise   Safety Culture Developing’ were lised in the ‘2007 Plan for Developing Standards   of the SAWS’ (Mao and Wang, 2013).

2008

The   ‘Standards of Directives for Developing Enterprise Safety   Culture’ (AQ/T9004–2008) (SAWS, 2008a) and   ‘Assessment Standards of Enterprise Safety Culture Developing’ (AQ/T   9005–2008) (SAWS, 2008b) were promulgated,   they laied a solid foundation for developing enterprise safety culture, and   were in a leading position in the world.

2009

The   term “safety culturology” was first   proposed   and listed as an important branch of the primary discipline of   safety science and technology in the ‘China’s Classification and Code of   Disciplines’ (GB/T 13745–2009) (General   Administration of Quality Supervision of PRC, Inspection and Quarantine of   China and Standardization Administration of PRC, 2009), which   can promote the further improvment of the primary   discipline of safety science and technology.

2010

On January 21^th, 2010, the SAWS (2010) issued   the ‘Guidance on the Activity   of Safety Culture Demonstration Enterprise’   and the ‘Assessment Standards of Safety Culture Demonstration   Enterprise (Trial Edition)’, whose   goal was to promote the development of enterprise   safety culture by carrying out the activity of   safety culture demonstration enterprise all over China. Since 2010, more than   80 enterprises were awarded as ‘Safety Culture Demonstration Enterprise’   every year (SAWS, 2010).

2011

On November   11^th, 2011, the SAWS formulated   the Twelfth-Five-Year Plan for the Development of Safety Culture (Central People’s Government of PRC, 2011).

2012

The   Work Safety Committee of the State Council of PRC issued the ‘Guidance   on Vigorously Promoting Safety   Culture’ (SAWS, 2012), which   put forward some new requirements for the development of safety culture in   China.

2013

The   ‘Assessment   Standards of Safety Culture Demonstration Enterprise (Trial Edition)’   was revised (SAWS, 2013).

In   order to ensure the effective implementation of the Activity of Safety   Culture Demonstration Enterprise, the SAWS (2013)   formulated the ‘Management Methods on Safety Culture Demonstration   Enterprise’.

2014

The   SAWS (2014b) formulated   the ‘Standards   of Directives for Developing Safety Culture of Coal Mine’ (AQ/T 1099—2014),   which laied a solid foundation for the development of safety culture of coal   mine.

2016

On   April 1^st, 2016, Chinese President Xi Jinping mentioned that nuclear   safety culture should be strengthened in his speech at the Forth Nuclear   Security Summit held in Washington (Wang and Wu,   2017a). Previously, the key national leaders of China rarely referred   to safety culture at international meetings.

On   December 9^th, 2016, the State Council   of PRC   (2016) promulgated “Several Opinions on Accelerating the Reform   and Development of Work Safety”, which indicated   that China must promote safety culture.

2017

On   February 3^rd, 2017, the General Office   of the State Council of PRC (2017) formulated the Thirteenth-Five-Year   Plan for Work Safety, vigorously advocating and developing safety culture was   list as one the main tasks in this plan.